# epidemiology

Across studies of medications, habits, and design, evidence shows that small, scalable changes can shift health risks and system performance. The findings inform policy on exercise guidance, alcohol labeling, urban access planning, and maternity care, while new archaeological and genomic data reframe early human capabilities and contagion dynamics.

New studies quantify how policy, diet, and gravity translate into measurable health outcomes, from a 0.67 g muscle maintenance threshold to antibiotics that alter the gut for up to eight years. Evidence also links deregulation to increased lung disease and premature deaths, and shows early-life exposures and social framing can rewire behavior and public attitudes, sharpening the stakes for regulation, healthcare access, and consumer safety.

New analyses are shifting narratives on medical safety, drug regulation, and climate resilience, emphasizing how better data can overturn assumptions and redirect policy. Evidence links legalization with measurable enforcement changes, highlights accelerating heat risks for older adults, and shows rapid neural gains from exercise, sharpening priorities for clinicians and lawmakers.